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International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Vol. 50, No. 6, 654-660 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0306624X06293522

Externalizing and Oppositional Behaviors and Karate-do: The Way of Crime Prevention

A Pilot Study

Mark T. Palermo

Italian Federation of Martial Arts

Massimo Di Luigi

Italian Federation of Martial Arts

Gloria Dal Forno

Medical College of Wisconsin

Cinzia Dominici

Italian Federation of Martial Arts

David Vicomandi

Italian Federation of Martial Arts

Augusto Sambucioni

Italian Federation of Martial Arts

Luca Proietti

Italian Federation of Martial Arts

Patrizio Pasqualetti

Associazione Fatebenefratelli per la Ricerca

Childhood disruptive behaviors can be precursors to later deviance. To verify the efficacy of karate, a complex psychomotor activity that enhances self-regulation and executive skills, as an intervention for externalizing behaviors, 16 children, ranging in age from 8 to 10 years, and meeting diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder were studied. Eight were randomly assigned to a 10-month Wa Do Ryu karate program, whereas 8 children received no intervention. The children were assigned to a larger karate class, composed of typically developing youngsters. Three domains of temperament—intensity, adaptability, and mood regulation—were measured at the beginning and the end of the training period in all 16 participants. A significant improvement in temperament scale scores was measured in the karate group for all tested items compared to controls. Karate, when properly taught, can be a useful adjunct in multimodal programs aimed at externalizing behavior reduction.

Key Words: karate • aggression • disobedience

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