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International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
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Variations in Mental Health Problems, Substance Use, and Delinquency Between African American and Caucasian Juvenile Offenders

Implications for Reentry Services

Michael G. Vaughn

University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, mgv6{at}pitt.edu

John M. Wallace, Jr.

University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Larry E. Davis

University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Giselle T. Fernandes

University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Matthew O. Howard

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

The incarceration of young people is a growing national problem. Key correlates of incarceration among American youth include mental health problems, substance use, and delinquency. The present study uses a statewide sample of incarcerated youth to examine racial differences in African American and Caucasian juvenile offenders' outcomes related to mental health, substance use, and delinquency. The data indicate that relative to Caucasian offenders, African American offenders report lower levels of mental health problems and substance use but higher levels of delinquent behavior such as violence, weapon carrying, and gang fighting. The data further reveal that African American offenders are more likely than Caucasian offenders to be victims of violence and to experience traumatic events such as witnessing injury and death. Recognition of these patterns may help to improve postrelease services by tailoring or adapting preexisting programs to patterns of risk factors and their relative magnitudes of effect.

Key Words: racial differences • incarcerated youth • delinquency • juvenile offenders • violence

This version was published on June 1, 2008

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Vol. 52, No. 3, 311-329 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0306624X07304095
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Home page
 Youth Violence and Juvenile JusticeHome page
M. G. Vaughn, J. F. Edens, M. O. Howard, and S. T. Smith
An Investigation of Primary and Secondary Psychopathy in a Statewide Sample of Incarcerated Youth
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, July 1, 2009; 7(3): 172 - 188.
[Abstract] [PDF]