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International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
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Cross-Validation of the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire: A Tool for Assessing Violent and Nonviolent Recidivism With Female Offenders

Wagdy Loza

Kingston Penitentiary Correctional Service of Canada, 4 Strathaven Place, Kingston, Ontario K7M 6S6, Canada, wml{at}post.queensu.ca

Lee Hong Neo

Prison Psychological Services Branch, Singapore Prison Service Prison HQ, 407 Upper Changi Road North, 20km, Singapore 507658

Ariana Shahinfar

University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Department of Psychology, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA

Amel Loza-Fanous

Ministry of Social Development, Canada, 4 Strathaven Place, Kingston, Ontario K7M 6S6, Canada

The Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ) is a 72-item self-report measure designed to predict violent and nonviolent recidivism among adult male criminal offenders. It was administered to 91 female offenders incarcerated in Pennsylvania and 183 incarcerated in Singapore correctional systems. Results indicated that the SAQ has sound psychometric properties, with acceptable reliability and concurrent and predictive validity for assessing violent and nonviolent recidivism. There were no significant differences between the scores of African American and Asian offenders and the responses of the White offenders. Similar to the findings from male offenders, the present results provide some support for the validity of the SAQ in the prediction of violent and nonviolent recidivism risk among White, African American, and Asian female offenders.

Key Words: violent • nonviolent • recidivism • the SAQ • females

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Vol. 49, No. 5, 547-560 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0306624X04273433
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