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Importation and Deprivation Explanations of Juveniles’ Adjustment to Correctional Facilities

College of Criminal Justice, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA

Doris Layton Mackenzie

Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2220 Lefrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA

Gaylene Styve Armstrong

Arizona State University West, Administration of Justice, P.O. Box 37100, Phoenix, Arizona, 85069, USA

Two theoretical explanations, importation and deprivation, are commonly used to explain inmate adjustment to the correctional environment. This study examined the relation- ship of selected importation and deprivation factors on juveniles’ anxiety levels while they were confined to institutions. Self-reported data collected from 3,986 juveniles and aggregate level data collected from interviews with administrators at 48 U.S. correctional facilities were used in a probit regression analysis. Importation and deprivation factors were found to have a significant impact on juveniles’ anxiety levels. Youth who were younger, White, or had a history of exposure to family violence experienced more anxiety. Youth confined to an institution modeled after military boot camps reported higher levels of anxiety. Juveniles who perceived their institution as having less justice and permitting less activity reported more anxiety. Consistent with prior literature, support was provided for a combined theoretical model of importation and deprivation factors for explaining juveniles’ institutional adjustment.

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Vol. 44, No. 4, 450-467 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/0306624X00444004


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