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The Quality of Perceived Parenting and Its Association with Peer Relationships and Psychological Distress in a Group of Incarcerated Young Offenders

Kevin G. Power

Anxiety and Stress Research Centre, University of Stirling, STIRLING, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK

Nancy Loucks

Wellwood Cottage, Cleghorn Lanark, ML11 7RL Scotland, UK

Vivien Swanson

Anxiety and Stress Research Centre, University of Stirling, STIRLING, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK

An investigation was carried out to examine the association of perceived parenting as measured by a shortened form of the Parental Bonding Instrument with self-esteem, relationships with peers and staff, and psychological distress levels in a group of young offenders held in custody. There were strong associations between low parental care with both low self-esteem and increased psychological distress as well as between low maternal care and poorer peer relationships. In addition, poor-quality peer relationships with other inmates and low self-esteem showed strong associations with increased levels of psychological distress in prison, suggesting that peer relations and self-esteem may both act as mediator variables in the association between parental care and anxiety and depression. There were, however, no associations between self-esteem and either the quality or number of peer relationships.

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